Round 12: Tossup 4

A topological space described by this word is the finest topological space because every subset of the space is open. The most efficient way to solve the Diffie-Hellman problem (15[1])is to solve a problem involving a logarithm named for this word, which is a common cryptographic one-way function. Random variables named for this word have PMFs instead of PDFs. A broad branch of math named for this property includes both (*) combinatorics and graph theory. This property is possessed by the Poisson and binomial distributions because they output the probability of a specific number of successive trials. For random variables with this property, there is a finite set of possible outputs. For 10 points, name this property of being countable, separate, and spaced out, in contrast with continuousness. ■END■

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