Packet 11: Bonus 3
This ex-military engineer’s treatise Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire was popularized by Émile Clapeyron. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this pioneer of thermodynamics who names a cycle that defines the upper limit on the efficiency of any classical thermodynamic engine.
ANSWER: Sadi Carnot (“kar-NOH”) [or Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot; accept Carnot engine or Carnot cycle]
[10e] The Carnot cycle is the most efficient at converting heat into this quantity. Classically, this quantity represents the amount of energy transferred to an object by a force.
ANSWER: work
[10h] The upper limit on the Carnot cycle can be used to derive this theorem, which says that the integral of dQ over T is equal to or less than zero.
ANSWER: Clausius theorem [accept Clausius inequality; reject “Clausius-Clapeyron relation”]
<Science - Physics, Vikram Narasimhan> | VAULT II Packet 11
| Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 | 21.82 | 91% | 96% | 32% |
Conversion
| Team | Opponent | Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Total | Parts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chattahoochee A | Northview A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 | ME |
| Exhibition | Chattahoochee B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 | ME |
| Hoover | Lambert A | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | MEH |
| Innovation A | Innovation B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 | ME |
| Johns Creek | Lambert B | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | MEH |
| Midtown | Northview B | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | MEH |
Summary
| Tournament | Edition | Match | Heard | PPB | E % | M % | H % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAULT II at Georgia Tech | 2026-01-24 | ✓ | 6 | 25.00 | 100% | 100% | 50% |
| VAULT II at UCSB | 2026-03-13 | ✓ | 4 | 20.00 | 75% | 100% | 25% |
| VAULT II at Harvard | 2026-04-30 | ✓ | 4 | 25.00 | 100% | 100% | 50% |
| VAULT II Stanford Online | 2026-07-17 | ✓ | 8 | 18.75 | 88% | 88% | 13% |