Round 10: Tossup 3

Two values of this quantity times a Christoffel symbol plus another quantity equals zero in the geodesic equation. Replacing this quantity with rapidity linearizes Einstein’s nonlinear formula for adding it. The reciprocal of the slope of a worldline equals this quantity. This quantity is squared in the numerator of (*) relativistic beta, which appears in the Lorentz factor. (10[1])Non-gravitational time dilation occurs when this quantity is different for two observers. (-5[1])In relativity, forces increase (-5[1])mass because this quantity cannot exceed a universal limit denoted c. For 10 points, (-5[1])what quantity has units of meters per second? ■END■ (10[1]0[2])

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