Round 9: Tossup 12

A background of these particles has its temperature related by a factor of “the cube root of four-elevenths” to the temperature of the CMB and is made up of their “relic” type, which decoupled a second after the (-5[1])Big Bang. SNEWS detects these dominant particles released in supernovas. A prominent (15[1])dark matter candidate is the “sterile” type of these particles. (15[1])These particles’ (*) solar flux was only one-third of the initially predicted value due to their flavor oscillations. Super-Kamiokande detects these particles, which along with a positron is emitted in beta-plus decay. Electron, muon, and tau are varieties of, for 10 points, what near-massless, neutrally charged particles? ■END■ (10[1])

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